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HTTP: The Definitive Guide: Understanding Web Internals

by: David Gourley, Brian Totty With Marjorie Sayer, Sailu Reddy, Anshu Aggarwal

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Retail Price: $72.95

Publisher: O'REILLY,01.09.02

Category: COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS Level: I/A

ISBN: 1565925092
ISBN13: 9781565925090

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Web technology has become the foundation for all sorts of critical networked applications and far-reaching methods of data exchange, and beneath it all is a fundamental protocol: HyperText Transfer Protocol, or HTTP.


  HTTP: The Definitive Guide documents everything that technical people need for using HTTP efficiently. A reader can understand how web applications work, how the core Internet protocols and architectural building blocks interact, and how to correctly implement Internet clients and servers.


  Full Description

Web technology has become the foundation for all sorts of critical networked applications and far-reaching methods of data exchange, and beneath it all is a fundamental protocol that most of us take for granted but know very little about: HyperText Transfer Protocol, or HTTP. While the average web user can remain blissfully unaware of the dozens of HTTP transactions required to download a web page, understanding HTTP is essential for practically all web-based programming and administration. Whether you're writing CGI programs, developing web-based software, or managing a web server, you need to have some knowledge of HTTP. And with the increasing emphasis on web services, which depend heavily on HTTP for interapplication communication, a strong understanding of HTTP is even more essential.

HTTP: The Definitive Guide documents everything that technical people need for using HTTP efficiently-including the 'black arts' and 'tricks of the trade'-and does so in a clear and readable manner. Written by experts with years of practical and teaching experience, this book is the definitive technical bible on HTTP and related core web technologies because it clearly explains the 'why' as well as the 'how'. A reader can understand how web applications work, how the core Internet protocols and architectural building blocks interact, and how to correctly implement Internet clients and servers.


  Technical professionals doing Internet software development and architecture, IT professionals who need to understand Internet architectural components and interactions, technical marketing professionals who need a clear picture of core web architectures and protocols, as well as untold numbers of students and hobbyists will all benefit from the knowledge packed in this volume. HTTP: The Definitive Guide is an essential toolkit that no technically-inclined member of the Internet community should be without.


          Related O'Reilly Titles:

HTTP Pocket Reference

Network Security with OpenSSL

TCP/IP Network Administration, 3rd Edition

Web Caching


      

Table of Contents

Preface


  Part I. HTTP: The Web's Foundation


  1. Overview of HTTP


          HTTP: The Internet's Multimedia Courier


          Web Clients and Servers


          Resources


          Transactions


          Messages


          Connections


          Protocol Versions


          Architectural Components of the Web


          The End of the Beginning


          For More Information


  2. URLs and Resources


          Navigating the Internet's Resources


          URL Syntax


          URL Shortcuts


          Shady Characters


          A Sea of Schemes


          The Future


          For More Information


  3. HTTP Messages


          The Flow of Messages


          The Parts of a Message


          Methods


          Status Codes


          Headers


          For More Information


  4. Connection Management


          TCP Connections


          TCP Performance Considerations


          HTTP Connection Handling


          Parallel Connections


          Persistent Connections


          Pipelined Connections


          The Mysteries of Connection Close


          For More Information


  Part II. HTTP Architecture


  5. Web Servers


          Web Servers Come in All Shapes and Sizes


          A Minimal Perl Web Server


          What Real Web Servers Do


          Step 1: Accepting Client Connections


          Step 2: Receiving Request Messages


          Step 3: Processing Requests


          Step 4: Mapping and Accessing Resources


          Step 5: Building Responses


          Step 6: Sending Responses


          Step 7: Logging


          For More Information


  6. Proxies


          Web Intermediaries


          Why Use Proxies?


          Where Do Proxies Go?


          Client Proxy Settings


          Tricky Things About Proxy Requests


          Tracing Messages


          Proxy Authentication


          Proxy Interoperation


          For More Information


  7. Caching


          Redundant Data Transfers


          Bandwidth Bottlenecks


          Flash Crowds


          Distance Delays


          Hits and Misses


          Cache Topologies


          Cache Processing Steps


          Keeping Copies Fresh


          Controlling Cachability


          Setting Cache Controls


          Detailed Algorithms


          Caches and Advertising


          For More Information


  8. Integration Points: Gateways, Tunnels, and Relays


          Gateways


          Protocol Gateways


          Resource Gateways


          Application Interfaces and Web Services


          Tunnels


          Relays


          For More Information


  9. Web Robots


          Crawlers and Crawling


          Robotic HTTP


          Misbehaving Robots


          Excluding Robots


          Robot Etiquette


          Search Engines


          For More Information


  10. HTTP-NG


          HTTP's Growing Pains


          HTTP-NG Activity


          Modularize and Enhance


          Distributed Objects


          Layer 1: Messaging


          Layer 2: Remote Invocation


          Layer 3: Web Application


          WebMUX


          Binary Wire Protocol


          Current Status


          For More Information


  Part III. Identification, Authorization, and Security


  11. Client Identification and Cookies


          The Personal Touch


          HTTP Headers


          Client IP Address


          User Login


          Fat URLs


          Cookies


          For More Information


  12. Basic Authentication


          Authentication


          Basic Authentication


          The Security Flaws of Basic Authentication


          For More Information


  13. Digest Authentication


          The Improvements of Digest Authentication


          Digest Calculations


          Quality of Protection Enhancements


          Practical Considerations


          Security Considerations


          For More Information


  14. Secure HTTP


          Making HTTP Safe


          Digital Cryptography


          Symmetric-Key Cryptography


          Public-Key Cryptography


          Digital Signatures


          Digital Certificates


          HTTPS: The Details


          A Real HTTPS Client


          Tunneling Secure Traffic Through Proxies


          For More Information


  Part IV. Entities, Encodings, and Internationalization


  15. Entities and Encodings


          Messages Are Crates, Entities Are Cargo


          Content-Length: The Entity's Size


          Entity Digests


          Media Type and Charset


          Content Encoding


          Transfer Encoding and Chunked Encoding


          Time-Varying Instances


          Validators and Freshness


          Range Requests


          Delta Encoding


          For More Information


  16. Internationalization


          HTTP Support for International Content


          Character Sets and HTTP


          Multilingual Character Encoding Primer


          Language Tags and HTTP


          Internationalized URIs


          Other Considerations


          For More Information


  17. Content Negotiation and Transcoding


          Content-Negotiation Techniques


          Client-Driven Negotiation


          Server-Driven Negotiation


          Transparent Negotiation


          Transcoding


          Next Steps


          For More Information


  Part V. Content Publishing and Distribution


  18. Web Hosting


          Hosting Services


          Virtual Hosting


          Making Web Sites Reliable


          Making Web Sites Fast


          For More Information


  19. Publishing Systems


          FrontPage Server Extensions for Publishing Support


          WebDAV and Collaborative Authoring


          For More Information


  20. Redirection and Load Balancing


          Why Redirect?


          Where to Redirect


          Overview of Redirection Protocols


          General Redirection Methods


          Proxy Redirection Methods


          Cache Redirection Methods


          Internet Cache Protocol


          Cache Array Routing Protocol


          Hyper Text Caching Protocol


          For More Information


  21. Logging and Usage Tracking


          What to Log?


          Log Formats


          Hit Metering


          A Word on Privacy


          For More Information


  Part VI. Appendixes


  A. URI Schemes


  B. HTTP Status Codes


  C. HTTP Header Reference


  D. MIME Types


  E. Base-64 Encoding


  F. Digest Authentication


  G. Language Tags


  H. MIME Charset Registry


  Index